The pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: needs and possibilities.

Standard treatment for alcohol abuse may include pharmacotherapy to alleviate withdrawal symptoms followed by psychotherapy in inpatient and/or outpatient settings. Treatment goals include abstinence and reduced alcohol consumption. Standard treatment for alcoholism has a high rate of success in Germany; however, for various reasons, only a small percentage of alcoholic patients are admitted to alcoholism treatment programmes. A new drug, acamprosate, could benefit many more alcoholic patients. Several studies indicate that acamprosate reduces the craving for alcohol and enhances abstinence. Acamprosate's effect is dose-dependent and it has a few minor side-effects. In addition, the availability of acamprosate may enable family practitioners to play an increasingly important role in the treatment of alcoholic patients, thus allowing more patients to receive treatment.