Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with 20% paromomycin ointment.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Mediterranean countries, the most common causative agents are Leishmania (L.) major, L. infantum and L. tropica. In Croatia, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare disease, the last case being reported in 1988. Our patient was a 5-year-old boy with a left cheek skin lesion in the form of papule with central exulceration, hyperkeratotic crust and erythema of a 6-month duration. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was based on history data (stay in the southernmost region of Croatia and multiple mosquito bites), light microscopic histology (dense infiltrates of large histiocytes with extracellular bodies), and positive Montenegro (leishmanin) test. A new therapy with aminosidine (paromomycin), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, in the form of ointment at a concentration of 20%, was for the first time used in Croatia. Four-week therapy resulted in complete regression of the skin lesions with residual hyperpigmentation. During therapy, no local or systemic side effects were observed. Thus, topical therapy with paromomycin could be considered an efficient therapeutic alternative in the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis.