Osteogenic potential of bactericidal nano-graphene oxide/nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel blend in New Zealand rabbits.

This study evaluated the effect of incorporating nano-graphene oxide (n-GO) as antibacterial agent into nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel (NB) on its osteogenic potential in New Zealand rabbits after 2 weeks. The antibacterial activities of n-GO, n-GO:NB blends and NB were evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) using agar well diffusion test. The cytotoxicity of the n-GO:NB (2:1), (1:1), and (1:2) blends was tested against human gingival fibroblasts using MTT cell viability assay. The optimum n-GO:NB (1:1) blend regarding the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity tests was implemented in New Zealand rabbits. In vitro, the n-GO:NB (1:1) blend showed the second highest significant inhibition zone diameters and cell viability percentage compared with the other tested blends. While in vivo, it exhibited the highest significant new bone area percentage. The n-GO:NB (1:1) blend could be a promising bactericidal bone graft for infected bone defects treatment.