[Reading the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal disease (2025): retrospect and prospect].

The understanding and investigation of invasive pulmonary fungal diseases in the Chinese respiratory medicine community began in the 1990s, during which a number of research studies were published and the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Fungal Diseases was formulated. The official release of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Diseases (2025) marks a new and solid step forward toward comprehensive, evidence-based standardization of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal diseases in China. Nevertheless, substantial challenges, controversies, and new areas in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal diseases need to be studied. This article proposes recommendations on the appropriate understanding and application of stratified diagnosis, emphasizes the importance of recognizing co-infection and mixed fungal infection with lung fungi and other pathogens, advocates strengthening research and prevention efforts targeting endemic invasive pulmonary mycosis in southern China, and calls for the advancement of basic and applied research on fungal diseases grounded in the concept of lung ecology.