[From endemic to pandemic Mpox virus infection].

The Mpox virus is an Orthopoxvirus that typically causes benign pustular skin lesions, but can also lead to rare cases of invasive disease. In 2022, clade IIb of this zoonotic virus, endemic to West and Central Africa, spread globally, resulting in 99,176 cases across 116 countries. In 2024, a rapid surge in clade Ib infections in Central Africa, followed by the first European cases - most notably in France on January 6, 2025 - raised concerns about the risk of a new pandemic outbreak. This review article aims to summarize current knowledge on Mpox virus infection, providing insights that may prove valuable in the event of a confirmed pandemic.