The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2015
Reciprocal associations between smoking cessation and depression in older smokers: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
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Shahab Lion, Gilchrist Gail, Hagger-Johnson Gareth, Shankar Aparna, West Elizabeth, West Robert
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Depression is a particular problem in older people and it is important to know how it affects and is affected by smoking cessation.
AIMS: To identify reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between smoking cessation and depression among older smokers.
METHOD: Across four waves, covering six years (2002-2008), changes in smoking status and depression, measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, were assessed among recent ex-smokers and smokers (n = 2375) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
RESULTS: In latent growth curve analysis, smoking at baseline predicted depression caseness longitudinally and vice versa. When both processes were modelled concurrently, depression predicted continued smoking longitudinally (B(β) = 0.21 (0.27); 95% CI = 0.08-0.35) but not the other way round. This was the case irrespective of mental health history and adjusting for a range of covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: In older smokers, depression appears to act as an important barrier to quitting, although quitting has no long-term impact on depression.
AIMS: To identify reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between smoking cessation and depression among older smokers.
METHOD: Across four waves, covering six years (2002-2008), changes in smoking status and depression, measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, were assessed among recent ex-smokers and smokers (n = 2375) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
RESULTS: In latent growth curve analysis, smoking at baseline predicted depression caseness longitudinally and vice versa. When both processes were modelled concurrently, depression predicted continued smoking longitudinally (B(β) = 0.21 (0.27); 95% CI = 0.08-0.35) but not the other way round. This was the case irrespective of mental health history and adjusting for a range of covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: In older smokers, depression appears to act as an important barrier to quitting, although quitting has no long-term impact on depression.