Journal of medical economics · 2025
Comparison of work productivity losses in the United States among employees with COVID-19 at high-risk of severe disease who were untreated or treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Fernandez Maria M, Brady Brenna L, Evans Kristin A, Sidhu Gurinder S, Cislo Paul, Ernst Frank R, Cappelleri Joseph C, Chaudhary Mohammad A, Drabo Emmanuel F, Mokgokong Ruth
Аннотация
AIM: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV/r; Paxlovid) treatment reduces COVID-19-related morbidity, mortality, and direct healthcare burdens. To investigate the potential impact of NMV/r on indirect disease burdens, we compared workplace productivity between employees diagnosed with COVID-19 who were and were not treated with NMV/r.
METHODS: Adult employees with COVID-19 at high-risk of severe disease were identified in the Merative MarketScan Health and Productivity Management Database. Index date was the first COVID-19 diagnosis on or after 12/16/2021; employees were followed over a six-month pre-period and ≥30-day post-period. Individuals treated with NMV/r (claim within 5 days of index) were exactly matched 1:1 to untreated employees based on age, sex, index quarter, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and pre-period acute care visits. Lost workdays per-patient-per-month (PPPM) and associated estimated indirect costs due to absence, short-term disability (STD), or long-term disability (LTD) were compared between matched treated and untreated cohorts over the variable post-period using paired t-tests or Chi-squared tests and two-part hurdle models.
RESULTS: Treated and untreated absence, STD, and LTD analyses included n = 1,909, n = 20,065, and n = 20,318 employees respectively. NMV/r treatment was associated with significantly fewer lost workdays PPPM from absence (mean[SD]: 2.06[2.37] vs. 2.22[2.49], p < 0.05), STD (0.41[2.17] vs. 0.52[2.42], p < 0.001), and LTD (0.02[0.061] vs. 0.04[0.79], p < 0.05) in descriptive analyses. Marginal means from combined two-part hurdle models confirmed treated employees had 5% fewer absence days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.95[0.91, 0.99]), 17% fewer STD days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.83[0.77, 0.88]), and 27% fewer LTD days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.73[0.69, 0.78]) compared to untreated patients (p < 0.01).
LIMITATIONS: The study sample was derived from large self-insured employers; results may not generalize to small employers or the uninsured and do not reflect other types of productivity loss (e.g. presenteeism).
CONCLUSION: Within this sample of high-risk employees, NMV/r therapy was associated with reduced societal burdens following COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: Adult employees with COVID-19 at high-risk of severe disease were identified in the Merative MarketScan Health and Productivity Management Database. Index date was the first COVID-19 diagnosis on or after 12/16/2021; employees were followed over a six-month pre-period and ≥30-day post-period. Individuals treated with NMV/r (claim within 5 days of index) were exactly matched 1:1 to untreated employees based on age, sex, index quarter, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and pre-period acute care visits. Lost workdays per-patient-per-month (PPPM) and associated estimated indirect costs due to absence, short-term disability (STD), or long-term disability (LTD) were compared between matched treated and untreated cohorts over the variable post-period using paired t-tests or Chi-squared tests and two-part hurdle models.
RESULTS: Treated and untreated absence, STD, and LTD analyses included n = 1,909, n = 20,065, and n = 20,318 employees respectively. NMV/r treatment was associated with significantly fewer lost workdays PPPM from absence (mean[SD]: 2.06[2.37] vs. 2.22[2.49], p < 0.05), STD (0.41[2.17] vs. 0.52[2.42], p < 0.001), and LTD (0.02[0.061] vs. 0.04[0.79], p < 0.05) in descriptive analyses. Marginal means from combined two-part hurdle models confirmed treated employees had 5% fewer absence days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.95[0.91, 0.99]), 17% fewer STD days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.83[0.77, 0.88]), and 27% fewer LTD days (mean ratio[95% CI]:0.73[0.69, 0.78]) compared to untreated patients (p < 0.01).
LIMITATIONS: The study sample was derived from large self-insured employers; results may not generalize to small employers or the uninsured and do not reflect other types of productivity loss (e.g. presenteeism).
CONCLUSION: Within this sample of high-risk employees, NMV/r therapy was associated with reduced societal burdens following COVID-19 infection.