Cureus · 2025
Hospital-Based Investigation of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under Five: Epidemiology, Seasonality, and Co-infections.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Mishra Baijayantimala, Mohapatra Diksha, Panda Sailendra, Santra Debashis, Mandal Madhab Charan, Mamidi Prabhudutta, Dwibedi Bhagirathi, Das Rashmi Ranjan, Das Sunita, Mohapatra Prasanta R, Behera Bijayini, Gulla Krishna M, Som Tapas Kumar
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings. This hospital-based observational study investigated the etiology, seasonal trends, and co-infections of respiratory pathogens using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel among children under five from Eastern India.
STUDY DESIGN: From January to December 2024, 209 samples (nasopharyngeal swabs/throat swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage) were collected from children under five who visited a tertiary healthcare center at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, with ARI/severe ARI (SARI). Multiplex PCR was used to identify the pathogens. All the data were recorded in a pre-designed case record form and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULT: Overall, 59.8% (125/209) tested positive for viral pathogens, predominantly human rhinovirus (HRV, 21.05%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 16.26%). Bacterial pathogens were detected in 45.45% (95/209), primarily Haemophilus influenzae (11%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.65%). Viral co-infections occurred in 6.69% (14/209), with HRV-RSV being the most common, while bacterial co-infections (8.61%) frequently involved Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Seasonal peaks for viral infections occurred post-monsoon (October), whereas bacterial infections peaked during monsoon (September). ARI cases showed higher odds of bacterial etiology (OR 1.04, P = 0.87), whereas SARI cases showed higher odds of viral etiology (OR 0.65, P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore HRV and H. influenzae as dominant agents, highlighting the need for region-specific surveillance, improved diagnostics, and targeted vaccination strategies to mitigate ARI burden in children under five.
STUDY DESIGN: From January to December 2024, 209 samples (nasopharyngeal swabs/throat swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage) were collected from children under five who visited a tertiary healthcare center at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, with ARI/severe ARI (SARI). Multiplex PCR was used to identify the pathogens. All the data were recorded in a pre-designed case record form and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULT: Overall, 59.8% (125/209) tested positive for viral pathogens, predominantly human rhinovirus (HRV, 21.05%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 16.26%). Bacterial pathogens were detected in 45.45% (95/209), primarily Haemophilus influenzae (11%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.65%). Viral co-infections occurred in 6.69% (14/209), with HRV-RSV being the most common, while bacterial co-infections (8.61%) frequently involved Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Seasonal peaks for viral infections occurred post-monsoon (October), whereas bacterial infections peaked during monsoon (September). ARI cases showed higher odds of bacterial etiology (OR 1.04, P = 0.87), whereas SARI cases showed higher odds of viral etiology (OR 0.65, P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore HRV and H. influenzae as dominant agents, highlighting the need for region-specific surveillance, improved diagnostics, and targeted vaccination strategies to mitigate ARI burden in children under five.