Piper tuberculatum Jacq. essential oil and its impact on the control of Candida spp. and Pichia kudriavzevii: increased efficacy of fluconazole and inhibition of virulence.
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Morais-Braga Maria Flaviana Bezerra, Fonseca Victor Juno Alencar, Nalyda Pereira Carneiro Joara, Lucas Dos Santos Antonia Thassya, Freitas Maria Audilene de, Dos Santos Andressa Guilhermino, Dos Santos Silva Francildo, Santos Elita de Sousa, Sales Débora Lima, da Costa José Galberto Martins, Nascimento Lariza Leisla Leandro, de Carvalho Natália Kelly Gomes, Silva Maria Inácio da, de Oliveira Souza Geane Gabriele, Mendes Arrua Juliana Moura, Santos da Silva Lucas Yure, Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de, Douglas Melo Coutinho Henrique, Andrade-Pinheiro Jacqueline Cosmo
Аннотация
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the essential oil extracted from P. tuberculatum fresh fruits regarding their chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant activity, as well as their effect on the virulence and biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Pichia kudriavzevii.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Microdilution assays determined the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil, fluconazole, and their combination. Morphological transition, biofilm eradication, and antioxidant activity by DPPH sequestration tests were also performed.
RESULTS: Chemically, the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, β-ocimene, nerol, and β-caryophyllene predominated. Although the oil did not present relevant clinical activity in isolation, it significantly potentiated the action of fluconazole at subinhibitory concentrations, reversing the resistance of P. kudriavzevii and other species tested. The combination showed a fungicidal effect against C. albicans and P. kudriavzevii. The oil was also effective in inhibiting virulence factors, such as the morphological transition to invasive forms and biofilm formation, reducing biomass and metabolism, mainly in C. tropicalis and P. kudriavzevii. However, it demonstrated weak antioxidant activity, with low DPPH radical scavenging.
CONCLUSIONS: Although its antioxidant potential is limited, the results corroborate the traditional use of P. tuberculatum in skin conditions and indicate its potential as an adjuvant in topical antifungal therapies, especially against resistant strains.