Chemometric and Dereplication Analyses of the Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Strains Activity of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds.

Although the bactericidal activity of other Salvia spp. has been documented, research on Salvia hispanica seeds is sparse. This study examined the effects of S. hispanica seed extracts against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reference strains and clinical isolates. Antibacterial effect was assessed using the minimal inhibitory concentration. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated using S. aureus ATCC 43300 and SAU-UIMY-31 strains, and antihemolytic effects were evaluated using S. aureus ATCC 29213 and SAU-UIMY-31. Biological effects and phytochemical profiles were analyzed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and chemometric tools. The nonpolar extract demonstrated antibiofilm activity with IC50 values of 93.9 ± 5.4 µg/mL and 146.2 ± 2.4 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 43300 and SAU-UIMY-31, respectively. The median polar extract showed an IC50 of 168.1 ± 13.9 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 43,300 and >250 µg/mL against SAU-UIMY-31. Antihemolysis IC50 values for both extracts were 48.5 ± 3.3 and 52.9 ± 3.1 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and 58.0 ± 1.4 and 87.9 ± 2.4 µg/mL against SAU-UIMY-31, respectively. Chemometric analyses suggested that fatty acid methyl esters are potential contributors to biological activity. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the use of S. hispanica seeds in antibacterial therapies.