Fuel-propelled nanomotors for acute kidney injury applications.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid loss of renal metabolic function and a high mortality rate. Although significant progress has been made in developing targeted drugs for AKI treatment, issues such as inadequate antioxidant effects and poor renal enrichment efficiency remain. Nanomotors can enhance drug delivery efficiency in AKI treatments through self-propulsion in the microenvironment or via external stimuli. We reviewed recent progress in the targeted treatment of AKI with nanomotors, focusing on their contribution to targeted drug delivery at different stages and combined treatments. Current limitations and future development directions are also discussed.