The history, science, and art of wine and the case for health benefits: perspectives of an oenophilic cardiovascular pathologist.

This article stems from the intersection of the author's long-standing interests in science, medicine, pathology and oenology. A discussion is provided of selected aspects of the science of viticulture and wine production as well as qualities of the finished product crafted by the art of the wine maker. The case for health benefits of moderate consumption of wine and other alcoholic beverages also is discussed. Based on the "French paradox," an analysis is presented of the evidence for the special effects of red wine consumption, particularly as part of the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle. A concluding perspective is given in support of wine as a promoter of civility and social engagement.