Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking.

The resurgence of mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2024, highlights gaps in global preparedness, particularly for marginalised populations. While much of the focus has been on men who have sex with men, survivors of sex trafficking remain overlooked, despite being highly vulnerable to mpox transmission. These individuals face significant health disparities, including limited access to healthcare, exposure to violence and forced sexual encounters in unsafe conditions, which amplify their risk of infection. The clandestine nature of trafficking further complicates public health interventions like contact tracing and vaccination efforts, leaving survivors at heightened risk of infection and limited access to critical health resources. Addressing these inequities requires targeted interventions, such as confidential testing, outreach, culturally sensitive healthcare and integrating mpox awareness into existing survivor support programmes. Additionally, public health systems must ensure equitable vaccine distribution, enhance surveillance and collaborate with anti-trafficking organisations to improve prevention and care. A holistic approach that includes mental health support is crucial to address the unique challenges faced by trafficking survivors, ensuring they receive the protection and care needed during this global outbreak.