[Molecular mechanisms and control strategies for the potential transmission of bacterial antibiotic resistance along the food production chain].

The transmission potential of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the food chain constitutes a severe threat to global public health. Antibiotic overuse and misuse in intensive livestock farming drives the enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in animal-derived microbial communities, thereby enabling the formation of ARG dissemination networks that cover the entire food system from production to consumption. Molecular epidemiological evidence has validated the food chain as a pivotal bridge for the cross-species transmission of ARGs. Resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can cross ecological barriers via occupational exposure and dietary intake, further accelerating the evolutionary development of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens. Global surveillance datasets demonstrate that low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure higher AMR-attributable mortality, which reflects inherent systemic deficiencies in antibiotic stewardship, healthcare infrastructure, and environmental risk management. While One Health-oriented strategies have advanced AMR mitigation in recent years, persistent environmental resistance reservoirs, transboundary transmission dynamics, and inconsistent global regulatory frameworks remain major bottlenecks for effective containment. Accordingly, establishing a systematic resistome surveillance network that integrates agricultural production, food processing, and end-consumption is urgently required to support multi-sectoral, targeted, and precise AMR control.