Updates on intravesical therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current literature concerning the intravesical treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

RECENT FINDINGS: Bladder cancer is a high prevalent disease. Despite the recognized efficacy of traditional intravesical therapies, the best treatment strategy still needs to be found. Improvement in bladder cancer research lead to develop new intravesical agents and drug delivery systems for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer tumours. Moreover, the emerging knowledge of bladder cancer immune profile strongly improves and provides new available treatment strategies.

SUMMARY: The future of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer therapy will be influenced by the development of immunotherapy and new technologies for device-assisted treatment. Moreover, nanotechnology and delivery systems present promising results.