When common things aren't so common: A case report of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

A 60-year-old smoker with a history of liver cirrhosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome (COPD) presented with hypoxic respiratory failure. This was felt secondary to an exacerbation of COPD. Despite treatment, the patient required 10 L of oxygen to achieve saturations of 88% on ambulation. Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary emboli and pulmonary hypertension were excluded as potential aetiologies of hypoxia. Given the history of cirrhosis, hepatopulmonary syndrome was postulated. Contrast echocardiography suggested an extracardiac shunt; a technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin scan confirmed the diagnosis.