[Immunotherapy and bladder cancer].

Immunotherapy as a treatment of solid malignancy is based on the activation of the immune system against tumor cells. Since 1976, intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used widely for the treatment of non muscle invasive bladder cancer and is nowadays recommended by all scientific guidelines. New targeted systemic immunotherapies and particularly checkpoints inhibitors are now widely used in several different cancers and notably in onco-urology. Immune checkpoint molecule inhibitors have opened the possibility of treatments for cancers and there are already phase 2 and 3 trials running with or without BCG in localized, muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancer.