Bony lesions in BCG-vaccinated children: consider BCG osteitis.

This instructive case describes a 31-day-old female infant presenting with left elbow swelling. Radiographs were initially consistent with non-accidental injury, and she was investigated accordingly. After Paediatric Orthopaedic review, BCG osteitis was considered as a differential diagnosis. By this time it was too late to investigate for this uncommon condition. With the increasing incidence of tuberculosis in the Western world, BCG vaccination at birth will become more common. This case illustrates the need for multidisciplinary management of bony lesions in infants and children, involving paediatricians, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatric radiologists.