[Foudroyant rhinocerebral zygomycosis].

We present a fatal case of rhino-orbital-cerebral zygomycosis in an 81-year old immunocompromised patient with a 18-year history of multiple myeloma. The patient initially presented with symptoms of an orbital complication, loss of vision after acute sinusitis and agranulocytosis. Endonasal sinus surgery with orbital decompression was performed. Within days a rapid visero-cerebral progression of necrosis developed finally causing the patient's death. Invasive fungal infections are generally characterized by diagnostic difficulties in the early stage and exhibit an extremely high mortality. Definitive diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus was made by histology, culture and polymerase chain reaction. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative for the management of patients afflicted with this devastating and life-threatening fungal infection.