[Monkeypox Virus Genomic Analysis in the Republic of Korea: A Comparison of Metagenomic- and Probe Hybridization Capture Sequencing Methods].

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) whole-genome from specimens of individuals diagnosed with mpox in the Republic of Korea (ROK) between May 2022 and November 2023 was analyzed comprehensively. An infectious disease originating in Africa, mpox gained global significance after the first case was confirmed in the UK in May 2022, subsequently spreading worldwide. In the ROK, 155 infection cases were recorded, predominantly transmitted through close contact with symptomatic individuals. MPXV, consisting of approximately 197,000 base pairs of double-stranded DNA, encompasses approximately 191 genes consisting of inverted terminal repeats at both ends and a central conserved region. The virus is categorized as Clade I (Central African type) and Clade II (West African type), with Clade I and II reporting fatality rates of 1–10% and less than 1%, respectively. Two sequencing methods, metagenomic and hybridization capture sequencing, were used to perform a thorough whole-genome analysis. Compared to metagenomic sequencing, hybridization capture sequencing demonstrated superior efficiency in generating MPXV read sequences. The proportion of virus reads varied based on specimen type, informing the selection of targets for whole-genome analysis. Genomic phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MPXV in the ROK belonged to lineage C.1, indicating sustained domestic transmission and providing crucial insights for national and international responses to MPXV variants. This information will contribute to understanding infection pathways and improving strategies for disease response and prevention.