Association of serum lipid levels, triglyceride-glucose index, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with colorectal cancer: A retrospective study from China.

ObjectiveThis retrospective case-control study aimed to explore the correlations of blood lipid levels, triglyceride-glucose index, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with colorectal cancer and evaluate their potential value in early risk prediction.MethodsA total of 120 patients admitted to Anqing First People's Hospital between July 2022 and March 2025 were categorized into a control group (n = 60, normal colonoscopy) and an observation group (n = 60, colorectal cancer). Clinical and laboratory data, including sex, age, body mass index, lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood counts, were collected. Triglyceride-glucose index, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated accordingly.ResultsThe observation group had significantly higher rates of drinking history, body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride-glucose index, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Triglyceride was strongly positively correlated with triglyceride-glucose index (r = 0.921) and negatively correlated with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r = -0.189). Logistic regression identified drinking history (odds ratio = 5.015) and triglyceride-glucose index (odds ratio = 5.937) as independent risk factors. The receiver operating curve of triglyceride-glucose index showed an area under the curve of 0.713, with 78.3% specificity and 65% sensitivity.ConclusionTriglyceride-glucose index, along with blood lipid levels, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, is closely associated with colorectal cancer. Triglyceride-glucose index may be a promising biomarker for early screening.