History of cold urticaria research: from systematic studies of the 19th century to modern prospective strategies in clinical practice.

This study aimed to determine the current prospective strategies for diagnosing and treating cold urticaria based on the history of its research since the 19th century. The study analysed relevant scientific sources, and the main historical milestones of cold urticaria research were identified. Based on the results, a chronology of scientific events was established that formed the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of cold urticaria and contributed to the development of diagnostic and treatment methods used in contemporary clinical practice. Throughout the 19th century, scientists formulated the concept of cold urticaria as an allergic reaction, identifying a causal relationship between exposure to cold and a patient's skin reaction. They expanded this understanding by describing the symptoms, triggers, and mechanism of development, and establishing the hereditary nature of the disease. The technological capabilities of the 20th century significantly improved the level of research. The results obtained have demonstrated the scientific processes that have become the basis for the introduction of existing approaches to the treatment of cold urticaria and have expanded the potential for the development of fundamentally new therapeutic strategies in this area.