Systems immunology: Beyond antibody titers.

Despite the evident success of currently available vaccines to prevent infectious diseases, we still lack a full understanding of the mechanisms by which vaccines induce protective immune responses. Systems immunology applies multifaceted analytical tools to better understand the immune responses to vaccines by deep characterization of the cellular components, regulatory pathways, antibody responses and immune gene profiles with the ultimate goal of identifying the complex cellular, genetic and regulatory factors and mechanisms that contribute to effective and protective immune responses.