Evaluation of serum specific IgE sensitization profiles in a Korean domestic horse population using a multiplex allergen line-blot assay: A cross-sectional screening study.

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of a multiplex serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) test kit 'ANITIA Equine IgE' for identifying the causes of allergic diseases in horses raised in Korea, and to determine the major sensitization antigen profiles in the domestic horse population. Serum or plasma samples were collected from a total of 140 horses, classified by management system (Group A, n = 108) and purpose (Group B, n = 32). IgE concentrations for 120 environmental and dietary allergens were measured using a multiplex line-blot assay based on an indirect immunoassay. Results were classified from Class 0 (negative) to Class 3 (Highly positive).

RESULTS

Of the 140 horses, approximately 65.7% (60.2% in Group A, 84.4% in Group B) showed sensitization of Class 1 or higher to one or more allergens. The most frequently observed antigen across all groups was 'Wasp venom' (approximately 38% total), followed by insect antigens such as house flies and ants, storage mites, and molds. The stallion group with clinical signs (Group A) showed high IgE levels of Class 2 or higher, whereas two sport horses with urticaria (Group B) exhibited Class 1 level polysensitization.

CONCLUSIONS

The multiplex IgE test, ANITIA Equine IgE, is a useful tool for screening allergic sensitization in the domestic horse population, and insect antigens were identified as a major cause in the Korean environment. However, as IgE levels do not always correlate with the severity of clinical signs, a comprehensive evaluation considering clinical history and signs is essential when interpreting results.