Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026
Investigation of Salmonella pullorum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum by rapid plate serology in parrots victims of wildlife trafficking in the state of Paraíba.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Filho Audisio Alves da Costa, Dias Glenisson Ferreira, de Menezes Melo Neto Adalberto, Dos Santos José Romulo Soares, Carvalho Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino, de Lima Brasil Arthur Willian
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Wildlife trafficking exposes parrots to stressful conditions that favor the transmission of infectious pathogens, including Salmonella pullorum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. This study aimed to investigate seroreactivity against these pathogens and to evaluate the associated clinical, morphological, biochemical, metabolic, and hematological alterations in Amazona aestiva and Amazona amazonica parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking.
METHODS: Twenty-nine parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking were subjected to physical examination, morphological evaluation, hematological and biochemical analyses, and Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) testing for antibodies against M. gallisepticum and S. pullorum. Statistical comparisons were performed between reactive and non-reactive groups to identify laboratory alterations associated with seroreactivity.
RESULTS: Seroreactivity to M. gallisepticum was observed in 21.73% of A. aestiva and 14.3% of A. amazonica. For S. pullorum, 36.4% (8/22; 95% CI: 16.3-56.6%) of A. aestiva and 28.6% (2/7; 95% CI: 3.7-71.0%) of A. amazonica tested positive. Birds reactive to S. pullorum exhibited significantly lower total protein concentrations, whereas M. gallisepticum-reactive birds showed significantly lower leukocyte counts and higher glucose concentrations. Significant differences were also observed in calcium and sodium concentrations among groups. Reactive birds presented clinical alterations compatible with gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement, as well as changes in body condition and feather quality.
DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking and reactive to S. pullorum or M. gallisepticum may exhibit important clinical and laboratory alterations suggestive of multisystemic impairment. As the RSA test detects circulating agglutinating antibodies without distinguishing immunoglobulin classes or confirming active infection, positive results should be interpreted as evidence of previous exposure and immune response rather than current infection. Nevertheless, the findings reinforce the importance of sanitary surveillance, screening programs, and appropriate clinical management in wildlife rehabilitation centers to support animal health, conservation efforts, and prevention of pathogen dissemination.
METHODS: Twenty-nine parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking were subjected to physical examination, morphological evaluation, hematological and biochemical analyses, and Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) testing for antibodies against M. gallisepticum and S. pullorum. Statistical comparisons were performed between reactive and non-reactive groups to identify laboratory alterations associated with seroreactivity.
RESULTS: Seroreactivity to M. gallisepticum was observed in 21.73% of A. aestiva and 14.3% of A. amazonica. For S. pullorum, 36.4% (8/22; 95% CI: 16.3-56.6%) of A. aestiva and 28.6% (2/7; 95% CI: 3.7-71.0%) of A. amazonica tested positive. Birds reactive to S. pullorum exhibited significantly lower total protein concentrations, whereas M. gallisepticum-reactive birds showed significantly lower leukocyte counts and higher glucose concentrations. Significant differences were also observed in calcium and sodium concentrations among groups. Reactive birds presented clinical alterations compatible with gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement, as well as changes in body condition and feather quality.
DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking and reactive to S. pullorum or M. gallisepticum may exhibit important clinical and laboratory alterations suggestive of multisystemic impairment. As the RSA test detects circulating agglutinating antibodies without distinguishing immunoglobulin classes or confirming active infection, positive results should be interpreted as evidence of previous exposure and immune response rather than current infection. Nevertheless, the findings reinforce the importance of sanitary surveillance, screening programs, and appropriate clinical management in wildlife rehabilitation centers to support animal health, conservation efforts, and prevention of pathogen dissemination.