Luspatercept and imetelstat for myelodysplastic syndrome: updates from ASH 2025 annual meeting.

Luspatercept, an erythroid maturation agent, and imetelstat, a first-in-class telomerase inhibitor, have expanded the therapeutic landscape for patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). Recent data presented at the 2025 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting further clarify their evolving clinical roles. New analyses evaluated the real-world use of luspatercept in patients with lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS), while additional studies characterized the efficacy and outcomes associated with imetelstat in transfusion-dependent (TD) LR-MDS and in advanced MDS or acute myeloid leukemia following hypomethylating agent failure. We summarized the latest updates on luspatercept and imetelstat for MDS from the 2025 ASH Annual Meeting.