Milk and yogurt consumption and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The effects of dairy products on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with diabetes, especially in Asians, have yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the relationship between milk and yogurt consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese patients with diabetes.

METHODS AND

RESULTS

A total of 4,438 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied. Milk and yogurt consumption was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire, and the relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated cross-sectionally. High consumption of milk and yogurt was significantly associated with lower body mass index, blood pressure, serum triglyceride concentration and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; and higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration (P for trend <0.01). Greater milk and yogurt consumption was also associated with lower likelihood of having metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P for trend <0.001). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and CKD in the highest quartile of milk and yogurt consumption, vs. the lowest quartile, were 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.91) and 0.72 (0.59-0.89), respectively. However, the likelihood of having a high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration became higher with greater milk and yogurt consumption (P for trend <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Higher milk and yogurt consumption is associated with superior control of cardiovascular risk factors, including CKD, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.