Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): A Comprehensive Review of Types, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Approaches.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), focusing on its clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment advancements, with particular emphasis on efgartigimod as a novel therapeutic agent.

RECENT FINDINGS: CIDP is a chronic autoimmune disorder caused by demyelination and axonal degeneration, leading to progressive weakness and impaired sensory function. While conventional treatments, including corticosteroids, IVIg, and plasma exchange, provide symptomatic relief, their limitations include significant side effects and resistance in some cases. Efgartigimod, an FcRn blocker targeting the IgG catabolic pathway, has emerged as a promising therapy. The ADHERE study demonstrated a 61% reduction in CIDP relapses with efgartigimod, alongside improved disability scores and a favorable safety profile.

SUMMARY: CIDP presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, requiring tailored approaches to management. Efgartigimod introduces a targeted mechanism of action, offering hope for patients unresponsive to traditional therapies. Further research is needed to establish its long-term efficacy and optimal role in CIDP treatment strategies.