A Cross-sectional Study of Skin Prick Test Sensitivity to Common Allergens in Patients of Nasobronchial Allergy.

INTRODUCTION

Nasobronchial allergy, which includes allergic rhinitis and asthma, is a common and debilitating condition. Identifying specific allergens responsible for symptoms is essential for effective management. Skin prick tests (SPTs) are a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions, especially to environmental and food allergens.

AIM AND

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess skin prick sensitivity to common allergens in patients with nasobronchial allergy. The primary objective was to identify the most common allergens, and secondary objectives included assessing sensitivity patterns and their relationship with sociodemographic factors.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at a tertiary care hospital over 18 months. A total of n = 125 consecutive patients aged 18 years and above with uncontrolled nasobronchial allergy were recruited. SPTs were performed using 85 allergens. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.

RESULTS

Among 125 participants, 49.6% had a positive SPT reaction. The most common allergens identified were House dust (78%), dust mites (Dermatophagoides arina) (76.8%), fungal spores (Aspergillus fumigatus, 64%), and plant allergens (Ischaemum indicum, 73.6%). Food allergens such as prawn (50.4%) and paneer (49.6%) were also prevalent. The mean SNOT-20 score was 42 ± 20.8, indicating moderate sinus and nasal symptoms. While most demographic factors showed no significant association with allergen sensitivity, housing type was significantly associated with food allergens, and rural participants had higher fungal allergen sensitivity (P = 0.040). These findings highlight the burden of allergen sensitivity and its impact on nasal and sinus symptoms in affected individuals.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights that dust mites, food allergens, and fungal spores are among the most common sensitizing agents in patients with nasobronchial allergy. These findings can guide personalized allergy management and environmental interventions for affected individuals.