[Applications of novel biomaterials in the research and treatment of allergic rhinitis].

Objective

Allergic rhinitis （AR） is a common immunoglobulin E（IgE）-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy, are often confronted with limitations such as suboptimal efficacy and adverse effects. In recent years, therapeutic strategies based on novel biomaterials have shown great promise in the field of AR. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of AR, including inflammatory responses, epithelial barrier disruption, and neuro-immune regulation, and analyzes the limitations of current treatment modalities. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials in nasal delivery systems, highlighting their biocompatibility, targeting ability, biodegradability, and intelligent responsiveness. Through nanodelivery, sustained-release systems, and immunomodulatory strategies, these innovative materials provide more precise, safer, and longer-lasting therapeutic options for AR, demonstratingconsiderable potential for clinical translation.