Frontiers in immunology · 2025
Coordinated kinetics of humoral, T-cell, and cytokine responses to SARS-COV-2 in West African healthcare workers: a multicenter longitudinal study in university hospitals of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
СтатьяМногоцентровое исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Goran-Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Yéboah Oppong Richard, Séri Yida Jocelyne, Assi Aya Ursule Aniela, Adou Adjoumanvoulé Honoré, Moussa Salimata, Oura Brou Doris, N'Guessan Koffi, Siransy Kouabla Liliane, Dassé Séry Romuald
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers in resource-limited settings are frequently exposed to SARS-CoV-2, often with incomplete vaccine coverage. Yet, their adaptive immune responses remain poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter study involving 36 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (83.3% vaccinated) and 40 strictly unvaccinated, COVID-19-naïve controls from three university hospitals in Abidjan. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. IgM and IgG were measured by ELFA (Mini VIDAS®), neutralizing antibodies with CHORUS TRIO®, lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines using bead-based multiplex assays.
RESULTS: Infected participants showed strong antibody production at baseline. IgG levels were closely linked to neutralizing activity (ρ = 0.83; p < 0.0001), and CD4+ T-cell counts correlated with IL-2 (ρ = 0.71; p < 0.0001). We observed early activation across Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α), Th2 (IL-4, IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) pathways. IL-17A levels were higher in asymptomatic individuals (p = 0.031). Over time, IgM and pro-inflammatory cytokines declined, while IgG remained stable and regulatory cytokines rose.
CONCLUSION: This cohort developed a broad immune response involving antibodies, T cells, and cytokines. The IL-17A pattern seen in asymptomatic cases may reflect effective mucosal control. These findings contribute essential data from a region where immune profiling remains limited.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter study involving 36 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (83.3% vaccinated) and 40 strictly unvaccinated, COVID-19-naïve controls from three university hospitals in Abidjan. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. IgM and IgG were measured by ELFA (Mini VIDAS®), neutralizing antibodies with CHORUS TRIO®, lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines using bead-based multiplex assays.
RESULTS: Infected participants showed strong antibody production at baseline. IgG levels were closely linked to neutralizing activity (ρ = 0.83; p < 0.0001), and CD4+ T-cell counts correlated with IL-2 (ρ = 0.71; p < 0.0001). We observed early activation across Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α), Th2 (IL-4, IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) pathways. IL-17A levels were higher in asymptomatic individuals (p = 0.031). Over time, IgM and pro-inflammatory cytokines declined, while IgG remained stable and regulatory cytokines rose.
CONCLUSION: This cohort developed a broad immune response involving antibodies, T cells, and cytokines. The IL-17A pattern seen in asymptomatic cases may reflect effective mucosal control. These findings contribute essential data from a region where immune profiling remains limited.