Genome-wide characterization of Blomia tropicalis allergenome: chromosome-level assembly, bioinformatics insights, and clinical validation of novel allergens.

The mite Blomia tropicalis is a major allergen source in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to generate a chromosome-scale genomic assembly of B. tropicalis and to systematically explore its allergenic proteins. Utilizing a combination of ONT, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing technologies, we constructed a high-quality genome (64.77 Mb, GC content = 34.5 %, N50 = 15,739,378 bp) consisting of four chromosome-scale scaffolds and achieving a BUSCO score of 92.1 %. We identified 39 putative allergen-coding sequences and validated nine clinically relevant allergens (groups 9, 16, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 37) through IgE binding assays, with binding rates ranging from 19.23 % to 73.08 %, all accepted by the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-committee. Notably, the recombinant allergen rBlo t 24 demonstrated the highest IgE-binding rate of 73.08 %. Statistical analysis via Cochran's Q test confirmed significant differences in IgE binding rates among major allergens (P < 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of transcriptomic data across developmental stages (eggs, larvae, nymphs, adults) revealed stage-specific expression patterns of the 39 allergen-encoding genes. This study provides a comprehensive genomic resource for dust mite research and uncovers potential allergens for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Our findings highlight the importance of integrative omics approaches in identifying key macromolecules involved in allergy pathogenesis.