[Analysis on critical vaccination challenges in China: a perspective from cross-level theory between individual behavioral cognition and social influence framework].

Vaccination is the cornerstone of global public health by curbing emerging infectious diseases, preventing some cancers, and establishing herd immunity, thereby protecting population health and mitigating disease burden. In recent years, however, challenges, such as stagnated vaccination coverage, increased vaccination hesitancy, and implementation strategies hindered further progress. From a global perspective, this paper summarizes the key factors constraining the sustained development of immunization program in China, analyses these challenges from two dimensions: population behavioral determinants and governmental decision-making mechanisms, discuss the strategic priorities and transformative directions for future immunization program and analyze the key behavioral problems affecting the immunization program in China based on the cross-level theory of individual behavioral cognition and social influence to provide theorical reference and strategic evidence for improvements of the immunization program system, government decision-making, and public confidence, and the development of global immunization barriers.