Knowledge and attitude toward Pap smear, human papilloma virus, and human papilloma virus vaccine among Saudi women.

OBJECTIVES

A Pap smear is a screening tool for human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical tissue changes. HPV vaccines protect against HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the awareness levels and attitudes regarding Pap smear, HPV, and HPV vaccine among Saudi women.

METHODS

A descriptive study was conducted among 413 Saudi women aged ≥ 18 years living in Riyadh, using an online self-administered questionnaire that was collected between the period from August 2024 to February 2025. The survey collected sociodemographic data and assessed knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer, Pap smears, HPV, and the HPV vaccine.

RESULTS

Among the 413 respondents, 72.9% had heard of the Pap smear, but only 36.6% had undergone the test. About 48.2% were aware of the HPV vaccine, yet only 2.9% had received it. Most participants demonstrated excellent knowledge about Pap smears, HPV, and the HPV vaccine. Awareness of the Pap smear and HPV vaccine was associated with significantly lower odds of poor knowledge. A majority expressed positive attitudes, indicating willingness to undergo a Pap smear if recommended by their doctor and affirming that the test is necessary for all women. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude scores.

CONCLUSION

Although most participants recognized the importance of the HPV vaccine and Pap smear screening, vaccine uptake remained alarmingly low, reflecting a gap between awareness and action.