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Войти в исследования American journal of infection control · 2026
Rural-urban disparities in the receipt of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.
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Bates Neill, Majety Alekhya, Tumin Dmitry, Masuck David
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: To examine rural-urban differences in vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza since the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine.
METHODS: Our analysis used the National Health Interview Survey from April 2021 to December 2023, including respondents ≥ 18 years. The outcome was past 12-month vaccination, categorized as vaccination against only influenza, only COVID-19, both, or neither. The primary exposure was rural-urban classification. Multinomial logistic regression modeled vaccination according to rural-urban classification with interaction terms between rural-urban classification and time (months). Another model added a binary control for the end of the public health emergency in May 2023 and its interaction between rural-urban classification.
RESULTS: Over our study period, receipt of both vaccines decreased (42%-28%). On multivariable regression, rural compared to urban respondents had a lower likelihood of receiving both vaccines (relative risk ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.52,0.71; P < .001) as compared to receiving neither vaccine. Interaction terms showed that rural-urban differences in receipt of both vaccines did not vary over our study period (P = .081).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that receipt of both vaccines remained lower in rural compared to urban respondents since the end of the pandemic. Lower risk perceptions and self-efficacy in vaccination among rural areas during the pandemic, may have persisted.
METHODS: Our analysis used the National Health Interview Survey from April 2021 to December 2023, including respondents ≥ 18 years. The outcome was past 12-month vaccination, categorized as vaccination against only influenza, only COVID-19, both, or neither. The primary exposure was rural-urban classification. Multinomial logistic regression modeled vaccination according to rural-urban classification with interaction terms between rural-urban classification and time (months). Another model added a binary control for the end of the public health emergency in May 2023 and its interaction between rural-urban classification.
RESULTS: Over our study period, receipt of both vaccines decreased (42%-28%). On multivariable regression, rural compared to urban respondents had a lower likelihood of receiving both vaccines (relative risk ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.52,0.71; P < .001) as compared to receiving neither vaccine. Interaction terms showed that rural-urban differences in receipt of both vaccines did not vary over our study period (P = .081).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that receipt of both vaccines remained lower in rural compared to urban respondents since the end of the pandemic. Lower risk perceptions and self-efficacy in vaccination among rural areas during the pandemic, may have persisted.