[Antithrombotic therapy after peripheral vascular treatment: what is evidence-based?].

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is one manifestation of the systemic disease atherosclerosis. The initial therapy for every arteriosclerotic disease is aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors by lifestyle modification and medication. Patients who require surgical revascularisation need long-term antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation. This therapy has to be differentiated according to the vascular territory involved and the method used for revascularisation. After local thrombendarterectomy, alloplastic bypass graft surgery of the aortic, aorto-iliac, aorto-femoral or femoro-popliteal region above the knee, long-term ASA 100 mg/d or clopidogrel 75 mg/d should be initiated. After alloplastic bypass grafting below the knee the combination of ASA 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d should be used. In contrast, after venous grafts the patency rate is improved by anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (INR 2-3), if there is a low risk of bleeding. If there is a contraindication to vitamin K antagonists, ASA 100 mg/d should be used. After revascularisation, a structured surveillance programme should be implemented aiming at controlling cardiovascular risk factors and monitoring the vascular state, as well as the anticoagulation and the antiplatelet therapy.