[The expanded concept of orthognathic surgery as a "five-in-one" mode involving appearance, occlusion, joints, airway and psychology].

The orthognathic surgery aims to treat dentofacial deformities, with the fundamental principle of addressing both appearance and function, and combining surgical and orthodontic treatments. This approach integrates orthodontics and orthognathic surgery to resolve issues related to facial appearance and occlusal relationships. With the development of socio-economic conditions and the widespread dissemination of scientific knowledge, patients' awareness and acceptance of orthognathic surgery have continuously increased. The accumulation of clinical experience has led scholars to realize that orthognathic surgery not only affects appearance and occlusion but also has a significant impact on joint health and upper airway width. These two factors-joint and airway-have become essential considerations in the planning of orthognathic surgery. In addition, psychological factors are gaining increasing prominence in the preoperative evaluation of orthognathic surgery, and the importance of patients' psychological assessment has also been gradually recognized by scholars. Through long-term clinical practice, scholars have continuously summarized experiences and lessons, and the new concept of orthognathic surgery as a 'five-in-one' approach involving appearance, occlusion, joints,airway and psychology has gradually become clear. In this article, the authors summarized the latest domestic and international literature and clinical experience from their own institution to emphasize the importance and necessity of considering joint, airway and psychology in orthognathic surgery, based on the emphasis of appearance and occlusion.