Attitudes of Dental Students Towards HIV+ Patients: A Multi-Center Survey Among Italian Universities.
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Giuliani Michele, Rupe Cosimo, Abati Silvio, Arduino Paolo, Azzi Lorenzo, Bardellini Elena, Bardini Giulia, Barone Lavinia, Barone Selene, Bizzoca Maria Eleonora, Campisi Giuseppina, Caravetta Claudia, Castagnola Raffaella, Cicciù Marco, Contaldo Maria, Conti Francesca, Coppola Noemi, Cordaro Massimo, Cotti Elisabetta, Lenarda Roberto Di, Farronato Davide, Favia Gianfranco, Furchì Olga Anna, Gabusi Andrea, Gambino Alessio, Gargari Marco, Giovannacci Ilaria, Gissi Davide, Giudice Amerigo, Laino Luigi, Mantia Gaetano La, Limongelli Luisa, Muzio Lorenzo Lo, Majorana Alessandra, Martelli Mirko, Mascitti Marco, Mignogna Michele Davide, Montagna Pietro, Nocini Pier Francesco, Patini Romeo, Pellegrini Matteo, Pentenero Monica, Rapani Antonio, Rizzo Silvana, Romeo Umberto, Ronsivalle Vincenzo, Russo Diana, Santarelli Andrea, Scilla Francesco, Serpico Rosario, Spadari Francesco, Tenore Gianluca, Vassalli Ludovica, Vescovi Paolo, Gioco Gioele, Lajolo Carlo
Аннотация
METHODS: This observational, multicentric survey analysed responses from dental students across Italian Dental Schools. The questionnaire covered demographic data, interactions with HIV-positive patients, knowledge of HIV infection, and adherence to preventive protocols.
RESULTS: A total of 470 questionnaires were analysed. Thirty two students (6.8%) reported discriminatory attitudes, with the highest prevalence in Northern Italy (9.8%), compared to 6.5% in Central Italy and 0.9% in Southern Italy (p = 0.006). Nearly half of the respondents (231/470) had been asked to treat HIV-positive patients, with requests significantly more frequent in Northern Italy (65.4%) than in Central (43.8%) and Southern Italy (22.7%) (p = 0.001). Students who treated HIV-positive patients as first operators demonstrated a higher likelihood of discriminatory behaviour (OR = 43.9, 95% CI: 5.9-327.8, p = 0.009) compared to second operators (OR = 13.4, 95% CI: 1.47-121.7, p = 0.02). Stress perception during these treatments correlated with discriminatory attitudes (ANOVA test, p = 0.008). Despite these findings, most students showed strong knowledge about HIV, with 99.8% identifying correct transmission routes and 85.6% aware of post-exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, 91.8% expressed interest in further education on HIV-dentistry topics.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that Italian dental students are generally well-prepared to treat HIV-positive patients without discrimination. Practical training fosters confidence, as evidenced by the high willingness to provide care even among students with no prior experience in treating HIV-positive individuals. However, geographic disparities and the influence of stress on discriminatory behaviour highlight areas for improvement in dental education.