The Role of Endoscopy in Laparoscopic and Robotic-assisted Surgery.

This article outlines the evolving role of endoscopy in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, highlighting its transition from a diagnostic adjunct to a versatile therapeutic tool. It discusses applications such as lesion localization, stent placement, anastomotic evaluation, biliary interventions, and management of complications like leaks and bleeding. Emphasis is placed on hybrid procedures that integrate endoscopic, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques to address complex surgical challenges. The text also reviews historical developments, operating room setup, and technical considerations essential for safe practice. Finally, it underscores the importance of specialized training, credentialing, and interdisciplinary collaboration as minimally invasive surgical techniques continue to advance.