Journal of equine veterinary science · 2026
Comparison of xylazine-ketamine-guaifenesin and xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam protocols for constant rate infusion anesthesia in horses undergoing field castration.
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Maneephan Photchanun, Thepparat Krittima, Suwanekkasit Benjawan, Limrodpai Jirakarn, Sangbunjong Athicha, Karkkaew Prem, Chantong Boonrat, Vinijkumthorn Ruethaiwan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The common use of "triple drip" (xylazine, ketamine, and guaifenesin; XKG) is a popular protocol for constant rate infusion (CRI) in equine practice. However, due to restrictions on ketamine and guaifenesin in many countries, tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) could serve as an alternative. To date, there have been limited studies evaluating the use of xylazine in combination with TZ (XTZ) administered via CRI to maintain surgical anesthesia in equine field practice.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness and safety of XTZ infusion with the classical XKG protocol for field anesthesia.
METHODS: Twelve healthy stallions were randomly allocated to two groups (XKG and XTZ) for castration. All horses were premedicated with xylazine at 1 mg/kg intravenously (IV). The XKG group received ketamine at 2 mg/kg IV for induction, followed by maintenance with xylazine 1.375 mg/kg/h, ketamine 2.75 mg/kg/h and guaifenesin 68.75 mg/kg/h The XTZ group was induced with TZ at 1 mg/kg IV and maintained with xylazine 0.75 mg/kg/h and TZ 1.5 mg/kg/h RESULTS: No clinically significant differences of anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory parameters were observed between the XTZ and XKG formulation.
CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of the CRI XTZ might be effectively alternated the triple drip for maintaining anesthesia in equine field practice.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness and safety of XTZ infusion with the classical XKG protocol for field anesthesia.
METHODS: Twelve healthy stallions were randomly allocated to two groups (XKG and XTZ) for castration. All horses were premedicated with xylazine at 1 mg/kg intravenously (IV). The XKG group received ketamine at 2 mg/kg IV for induction, followed by maintenance with xylazine 1.375 mg/kg/h, ketamine 2.75 mg/kg/h and guaifenesin 68.75 mg/kg/h The XTZ group was induced with TZ at 1 mg/kg IV and maintained with xylazine 0.75 mg/kg/h and TZ 1.5 mg/kg/h RESULTS: No clinically significant differences of anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory parameters were observed between the XTZ and XKG formulation.
CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of the CRI XTZ might be effectively alternated the triple drip for maintaining anesthesia in equine field practice.