Epidemiological and clinical analysis of Gelsemium poisoning in Guangxi, Southern China: a decade of surveillance data.

BACKGROUND

Gelsemium elegans Benth, commonly known as "duan chang cao", is a highly toxic plant belonging to the family Gelsemiaceae. It is distributed in southern China with its potent toxicity poses a persistent threat to public health.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to comprehensively characterize the epidemiology and clinical features of Gelsemium poisoning in Guangxi, Southern China, based on surveillance data, in order to provide an evidence-based foundation for timely and effective prevention and control measures.

METHODS

A secondary analysis was conducted on 10 years of Gelsemium poisoning surveillance data (2015-2024) from Guangxi. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarize epidemiological patterns and clinical manifestations.

RESULT: From 2015 to 2024, Gelsemium poisoning in Guangxi showed a high but fluctuating mortality rate, peaking at 100% in 2015. The highest mortality risk (19.0%) occurred in individuals aged 20-59 years. Cases clustered geographically in Chongzuo, Yulin, Guigang, Qinzhou, and Laibin, with incidence peaking in autumn. Alcohol infusion was the leading cause of fatal poisoning (29.5%), mainly in household and rural banquet settings. Consumption of the rhizome resulted in the highest death rate (21.1%). Dizziness and blurred vision were common clinical symptoms. Significant differences in incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates were observed based on location, season, cooking method, source part, and misidentification (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Enhancing surveillance, food safety regulations, and targeted health education plays a key role in preventing Gelsemium poisoning. Establishing strong monitoring and quick intervention systems may further reduce its impact.