Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2026
Distribution of the K antigen among diverse ethnic and regional populations in Iran: Toward the development of a national data bank for multiply transfused patients.
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Sarihi Reyhaneh, Bakhshandeh Zahra, Oodi Arezoo, Amirizadeh Naser, Maghsoodlu Mahtab, Namdar Sepideh, Hashemi Vida, Azarkeivan Azita
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The K antigen of the Kell blood group system is clinically significant due to its immunogenic potential, with prevalence rates varying markedly among different ethnic and regional populations. In Iran, a country characterized by ethnic diversity, this variation presents challenges for transfusion medicine. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of K antigen prevalence across Iran's key regions and ethnic groups, aiming to elucidate these differences. Understanding this distribution is essential for optimizing transfusion strategies, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of thalassemia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted from 2020 to 2023, sampled 64,478 voluntary blood donors from nine provinces exhibiting high thalassemia rates, encompassing six major ethnic groups. K antigen phenotyping was performed using the Erythrocyte Magnetic Technique on an automated system (QWALYS 3, Diagast).
RESULTS: The overall K antigen prevalence among donors was 3.8%, with significant variation observed across ethnicities and regions. Notably, Khuzestan Province, representing the Arab ethnic group, exhibited a prevalence of 7.59%, considerably higher than the national average, whereas Sistan and Baluchestan Province, representing the Baluch ethnicity, demonstrated a low frequency of 2.2%. Other provinces, such as Semnan and Gilan, also displayed significant differences.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals heterogeneity in K antigen prevalence across Iran, underscoring the need for region-specific transfusion protocols to mitigate the risk of alloimmunization. Furthermore, the findings provide a foundation for establishing a national donor database, which is critical for addressing the transfusion needs of vulnerable patient groups, particularly those with transfusion-dependent conditions, such as thalassemia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted from 2020 to 2023, sampled 64,478 voluntary blood donors from nine provinces exhibiting high thalassemia rates, encompassing six major ethnic groups. K antigen phenotyping was performed using the Erythrocyte Magnetic Technique on an automated system (QWALYS 3, Diagast).
RESULTS: The overall K antigen prevalence among donors was 3.8%, with significant variation observed across ethnicities and regions. Notably, Khuzestan Province, representing the Arab ethnic group, exhibited a prevalence of 7.59%, considerably higher than the national average, whereas Sistan and Baluchestan Province, representing the Baluch ethnicity, demonstrated a low frequency of 2.2%. Other provinces, such as Semnan and Gilan, also displayed significant differences.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals heterogeneity in K antigen prevalence across Iran, underscoring the need for region-specific transfusion protocols to mitigate the risk of alloimmunization. Furthermore, the findings provide a foundation for establishing a national donor database, which is critical for addressing the transfusion needs of vulnerable patient groups, particularly those with transfusion-dependent conditions, such as thalassemia.