Risk factors and clinical outcomes of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective study of 551 cases.

BACKGROUND

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to analyze OM characteristics, risk factors, and preventive strategies.

METHODS

Medical records of 551 patients undergoing HSCT from June 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. OM incidence, clinical features, and associated risk factors were analyzed.

RESULTS

128 patients (23.2%) developed OM, peaking 7 days after stem cell infusion. Autologous transplantation reduced OM risk by 84.5%, while periodontitis and prior oral symptoms during chemotherapy increased risk by 111.4% and 140.7%, respectively. OM was associated with longer hospitalization and more febrile days. Symptoms were managed effectively with mouthwash, antibiotics, and ultraviolet therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

OM is common in HSCT patients and can be effectively controlled. Allogeneic transplantation, pre-existing oral conditions, and periodontitis increase OM risk, highlighting the importance of pre-transplant oral care.