The role of platelet transfusion in modulating platelet indices and leukocyte dynamics in dengue fever patients.

Dengue fever, a viral illness transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is marked by a reduction in platelet count (PLT) and changes in blood parameters, which increase the risk of complications such as hemorrhage. Platelet transfusion is frequently used to counter thrombocytopenia in dengue cases, but the precise effects on platelet indices (such as mean platelet volume [MPV] and platelet distribution width [PDW]) and leukocyte counts are still not well defined. This literature review investigates the role of platelet transfusions in modifying platelet and leukocyte dynamics in dengue patients. Studies reveal that transfusions can temporarily increase PLTs, offering short-term hemostatic stability. Changes in platelet indices post-transfusion include increased MPV and variable PDW, potentially reflecting reactive changes in the bone marrow and platelet population. Leukocyte counts show inconsistent responses, with some reports indicating a transient rise following transfusion, possibly linked to immune responses to transfused platelets. While platelet transfusion offers symptomatic relief, these findings highlight the complex interactions within the hematological system following transfusion and underscore the need for caution in transfusion practices. Further investigation is essential to delineate optimal transfusion thresholds, better predict hematological responses, and minimize potential risks associated with transfusions in dengue patients.