Effect of affective temperament on outcome of rotator cuff surgery.

INTRODUCTION

Although numerous risk factors have been described, the effects of temperament, which is defined as a risk factor for certain disorders, on the outcome of patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery have not been investigated.

HYPOTHESIS: We investigated whether a relationship exists between affective temperament and the outcome of patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

The outcomes of 176 patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery were examined using the Oxford and Constant questionnaires as well as visual analog scale values preoperatively and postoperatively. Inclusion criteria were defined as 1) dissatisfaction with pain despite 6 months of nonoperative treatment; 2) rotator cuff defects with full-thickness, small- to large-sized defects; 3) presence of a single dominant temperament or nondominant temperament; 4) no history of a diagnosed psychiatric disorder; and 5) a minimum of greater than 1 year of follow-up after surgery. Exclusion criteria were 1) other comorbid shoulder pathology; 2) irreparable or partial rotator cuff rupture; 3) grade 3 retractions; 4) grade 3-4 fatty infiltration; 5) other comorbid diseases such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, or inflammatory diseases; 6) history of shoulder surgery; 7) infection of the shoulder joint; 8) neurologic deficit in muscles around the shoulder; 9) two or more dominant temperaments; and 10) history of acromioclavicular joint resection and/or biceps tenodesis with cuff repair. All patient temperaments were evaluated according to the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego auto questionnaire version.

RESULTS

The mean follow-up time was 45.5 months. The outcomes of patients with depressive temperament were worse than of patients with a nondominant temperament. This situation was observed both preoperatively and postoperatively. However, a similar relationship between nondominant and anxious temperament groups was observed only postoperatively.

CONCLUSION

We noticed that depressive and anxious temperaments had a negative effect on patient outcomes after rotator cuff surgery; however, nondominant temperaments had a positive effect on patient outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III; Retrospective Comparative Study.