International journal of nursing studies · 2026
Latent profile analysis of compassion fatigue among hemodialysis nurses and subtype-specific differentiated effects of core competencies and work engagement.
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Wanning Jia, Jiayao Liang, Haitao Lu, Li Zhuo, Wenwen He
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To identify latent subtypes of compassion fatigue among hemodialysis nurses and examine the differential associations of core competencies and work engagement with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress across these subtypes.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 3128 hemodialysis nurses from six provinces and municipalities in China was surveyed between January and March 2026 using a general information questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5), the Nurse Core Competency Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to identify compassion fatigue subtypes. Subtype-specific linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of core competencies and work engagement with each dimension of compassion fatigue after controlling for demographic variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the interaction between core competencies and work engagement in relation to subtype membership.
RESULTS: Six subtypes were identified: low fatigue (10.10%), moderate-to-high fatigue (7.99%), moderate risk/high secondary traumatic stress (13.33%), high secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction (29.38%), high fatigue/high compassion satisfaction (paradoxical; 31.46%), and globally high-risk (7.74%). The associations of core competencies and work engagement with compassion fatigue differed across subtypes. No significant associations were observed in the low-fatigue subtype. Among the moderate-to-high fatigue and high secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction subtypes, higher work engagement was positively associated with burnout and secondary traumatic stress. In the moderate risk/high secondary traumatic stress subtype, work engagement was negatively associated with burnout but positively associated with secondary traumatic stress. In the paradoxical and global high-risk groups, both core competencies and work engagement were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Multinomial logistic regression showed that higher work engagement was associated with greater odds of membership in the higher secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction subtype and lower odds of membership in the paradoxical type. No significant interaction was observed between core competencies and work engagement.
CONCLUSION: The associations of core competencies and work engagement with the dimensions of compassion fatigue varied substantially across latent subtypes, suggesting a potential double-edged role of work engagement among nurses with more severe compassion fatigue. These findings support the development of subtype-specific interventions to improve the professional quality of life of hemodialysis nurses.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 3128 hemodialysis nurses from six provinces and municipalities in China was surveyed between January and March 2026 using a general information questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5), the Nurse Core Competency Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to identify compassion fatigue subtypes. Subtype-specific linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of core competencies and work engagement with each dimension of compassion fatigue after controlling for demographic variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the interaction between core competencies and work engagement in relation to subtype membership.
RESULTS: Six subtypes were identified: low fatigue (10.10%), moderate-to-high fatigue (7.99%), moderate risk/high secondary traumatic stress (13.33%), high secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction (29.38%), high fatigue/high compassion satisfaction (paradoxical; 31.46%), and globally high-risk (7.74%). The associations of core competencies and work engagement with compassion fatigue differed across subtypes. No significant associations were observed in the low-fatigue subtype. Among the moderate-to-high fatigue and high secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction subtypes, higher work engagement was positively associated with burnout and secondary traumatic stress. In the moderate risk/high secondary traumatic stress subtype, work engagement was negatively associated with burnout but positively associated with secondary traumatic stress. In the paradoxical and global high-risk groups, both core competencies and work engagement were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Multinomial logistic regression showed that higher work engagement was associated with greater odds of membership in the higher secondary traumatic stress/low compassion satisfaction subtype and lower odds of membership in the paradoxical type. No significant interaction was observed between core competencies and work engagement.
CONCLUSION: The associations of core competencies and work engagement with the dimensions of compassion fatigue varied substantially across latent subtypes, suggesting a potential double-edged role of work engagement among nurses with more severe compassion fatigue. These findings support the development of subtype-specific interventions to improve the professional quality of life of hemodialysis nurses.