Water and Sanitation Challenges for the Provision of Hemodialysis in Disasters.

Disasters such as human conflicts, weather-related or environmental problems can affect the complex operation of hemodialysis facilities in many ways including the availability of quality dialysis water. These problems include the lack of source water, contamination of the source water, and dysfunction of the water treatment and delivery systems. Consequences can be grave and might be life threatening. In this manuscript, we review some of quantitative and qualitative dialysis water problems encountered during disasters and their remedies.