Endoscopic diagnosis and management of tropical parasitic infestations.

Biliary parasitosis is one of the common causes of biliary obstruction in developing countries and can often be confused with stone disease. With increased worldwide travel and immigration, these conditions are not limited to the developing countries alone. Ascariasis, hydatid liver disease, clonorchiasis, and fascioliasis are the commonly encountered parasitic infestations of the biliary tract usually presenting with biliary colic or cholangitis. Endoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis and emergent management of these conditions and in elective endoscopic therapy of associated complications. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and bile ductal clearance, along with pharmacotherapy, are the mainstays of treatment.