Trends in funding for coronavirus vaccine research and development: implications for preparedness against future coronavirus threats.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented investment in coronavirus vaccine R&D, but the long-term trajectory of this funding remains unclear. We mapped coronavirus vaccine grant support from 2020 through 2025, and found an early surge focused on ancestral SARS-CoV-2, a pivot toward broadly protective coronavirus vaccines (BPCV), and then a steep decline in publicly available funding overall, especially in the United States. Reduced sustained investment may weaken future preparedness and response globally to emergent coronavirus threats.