A comprehensive review on artificial intelligence driven approaches for vaccine development: Current advances, challenges, and future prospects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an exemplified tool in the field of modern biomedical technology. The unprecedent COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious disease crises have highlighted the critical need for rapid and accurate vaccine development processes. The traditional method of vaccine development methods are often time-consuming, costly, and inefficient. On contrary to this, the AI streamlines vaccine development from antigen prediction to clinical trial optimization by integrating computational biology, machine learning, structural bioinformatics, and immunoinformatic. AI has many potential applications in vaccine research, and this review covers all of the bases, from the fundamentals of AI in biology to immunogen design, clinical trial data mining, efficacy prediction modelling modelling, and adjuvant optimization. The review also investigates potential unknown issues, ethical concerns, and future developments in AI-driven vaccine development. This paper emphasizes the potential of AI to transform global preparedness against infectious diseases by combining evidence from various disciplines in vaccine development.